Islamic Voice A Monthly English Magazine

February 2009
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Our Dialogue

Ruling on Yoga
By Adil Salahi
Q: A ruling issued by a learned scholar in Malaysia says that Yoga is forbidden for Muslims to practice. The scholar urges the government to make clear that Muslims must not practice Yoga. Please comment.

A:
The ruling states that Yoga is traced back to Hinduism, and that it has religious and philosophical aspects. If this is the case, then the ruling is sound and religious scholars everywhere can only endorse it. However, many people practise Yoga today without being aware of any religious or philosophical overtones. They merely take up its aspects of physical exercise and contemplation. While these may be proper and beneficial to many people, the problem remains that as people advance in these practices, their teachers may lead them on to the philosophical or religious aspects.
Physical and breathing exercises, as well as contemplation, may help many people, training them to be relaxed. This is certainly beneficial, particularly because life today involves much stress. Islam encourages both methods. Many are the Qur’anic verses that invite people to contemplate on God’s creation and what we see in the world around us of miraculous aspects. The Prophet (Pbuh) lays much stress on ensuring that a Muslim should try to be strong. He tells us to teach our children to practise such sports as horse riding, swimming and archery.

All this shows that a Muslim does not need to resort to the traditions of any other religion. What we need is to be free of all restrictions imposed by such traditions and to follow Prophet Muhammad’s advice. We will be able then to overcome much of the stress that life presents.
Adopted Child and Property Matters
Q: A woman died five years ago, leaving behind her husband, one adopted son, her father who died subsequently, and a number of brothers and sisters. Could you please explain who inherits her and what is the share of each heir?

A:
Islam does not recognise adoption. If the young man is not related by blood to the deceased lady, he does not inherit anything from her. Her only heirs are her husband and her father. As she had no children of her own, her husband takes half of her property, whether this is in cash, real property, jeweler, or any other form. Her father takes the other half. Her brothers and sisters inherit nothing from her. As her father died subsequently, and his wife predeceased him, his heirs are his children, i.e. the deceased woman’s brothers and sisters. Thus, if the woman’s estate was not divided among her heirs, it should be divided now. Her brothers and sisters will share among themselves the one half which was due to their father. They divide this half among themselves on the basis of one share for each sister and two shares for each brother.
Using Salat al-Istikharah
Q: An administrative problem arose in our office because a certain employee failed to take the necessary action when I put in my requests. That employee pleaded that he was not informed. A couple of days later our boss accused me of lying, stating that the said employee told the truth. When I asked on what basis he made his judgment, he said that he used the prayer known as salat al-istikharah. May I ask whether this prayer can be used in this way and for such a purpose?

A:
The short answer is that it cannot. It is not a method to establish facts. Otherwise, Muslim judges would have resorted to it in all cases where they needed to establish the truth and find out the guilty person in any case they are considering. At no time did the Prophet’s (Pbuh) companions or leaders or judges in any subsequent generation feel that they could know the truth through offering this prayer. Your boss is relying on evidence that does not exist. The istikharah prayer is recommended by the Prophet to help us choose a course of action, particularly when more than one option looks appealing. Therefore, it is offered to help find an answer to questions like: Should I undertake this travel? Should I buy this car? Will the project I am considering be successful? Would I benefit from this course of action?

In such cases where the answer is indeterminable because we have no way of looking into the future, we offer the istikharah prayer to appeal to God to help us choose what is best for us. The form is to offer two rak’ahs and then to say a particular supplication. The supplication merely requests God to make the choice for us and to make us happy with it. Thus, it removes the burden of making the decision from us and makes us trust God to do it for us.

How the choice is made has its own importance. Many people have the impression that they would have a dream telling them which course to follow. This is not right. There is no suggestion that a dream should follow pointing out which action to take. When we have done the istikharah prayer, we should simply let things take their own course. Thus, if it is a matter of travel and you find out that you cannot make your travel arrangements easily, then this is an indication that it is better not to travel. If you want to change your car and you encounter difficulty in selling your old car in order to buy a new one, this indicates that you better keep the one you have for the time being. On the other hand, if you call a travel agent and discover that everything about your travel can be arranged quickly and easily, you have a clear indication that undertaking that trip is the better option.

Now your boss is using the istikharah prayer to find out which of his two employees is telling the truth. This is wrong and he cannot use it in this way. Any decision he makes on this basis is faulty. What he should do is to establish the fact through solid evidence. If he cannot because it is a case of your word against the other employee’s word, he should overlook the matter as a case of an unintended error. He cannot label you as liar on the basis of his istikharah prayer.
Shares in Property
Q: My father died eight years ago leaving behind his wife, two sons, three daughters, one brother and two sisters. Both his parents died long time ago. His estate is mainly a house valued today at around 1.8 million rupees. How is his property to be shared out? If the two sons want to have the house, how much should they pay to each of the other heirs? May I also point out that the eldest son used to maintain the house and receive the income from the rooms rented.

A:
What I am saying about the sharing out of your father’s inheritance applies to the house and to everything else he left behind, including any cash amount, payment from his work, furniture, etc. Because he had children of his own, including two sons, his brother and two sisters are blocked from inheriting him. In other words, they get nothing. Siblings inherit only when the deceased has neither sons nor parents surviving him.

The only one of your father’s heirs that has a fixed share is his wife, who inherits one eighth of all his property. The remainder, which is seven eighths, is divided into seven shares, one for each of the three daughters and two each for the two sons.

Thus, in this particular case, each of the daughters inherits an amount equal to that of the man’s wife. This does not apply in other cases. If you want the shares to be determined in figures, then each of the four women takes 225,000 rupees, and each of the two sons takes 450,000, assuming that the value of the house is 1.8 million. The same proportion applies to other items of your father’s estate.

The complication arises from the eldest son’s work in the house and income from it. You say that this was the case for several years during your father’s lifetime. It all depends on the arrangements your father and brother had. If it was agreed between them that the rent was in compensation for the work your brother put in, then it belongs to him. If no such agreement was made, you and your brothers and sisters need to agree some arrangement. If there was such an arrangement, you are recommended to consider that it has continued for the years that followed your father’s death. If not, you need to look into the matter carefully.

The only thing I want to say is that you should sort it out amicably. Unless there is clear and unwarranted favoritism to one party, it is better to let things as they are. You make the division now and everyone takes their dues.